Kidney disease, also known as renal disease, encompasses a range of conditions that affect the functioning of the kidneys. These conditions can range from acute kidney injury to chronic kidney disease, and ultimately may lead to kidney failure if left untreated. Causes of kidney disease can vary, including diabetes, high blood pressure, genetic factors, infections, and certain medications. Symptoms of kidney disease can include swelling, fatigue, changes in urine output, and blood in the urine. Treatment options may include medication, dialysis, and in severe cases, kidney transplant. Research in the field of kidney disease focuses on understanding the underlying causes, developing new treatments, and improving the management of this condition to enhance patient outcomes and quality of life.